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https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoin-Powered_Database
As far I know, the Bitcoin blockchain is pretty much the only data structure that is both global and tamper-proof.
global - There is one global instance of the blockchain (up to forks ... which are then resolved). tamper-proof - If a block enters the blockchain, after 6+ confirmations this block can't feasibly be faked or altered.
A Bitcoin-powered database would be an API over the blockchain, that would expose a subset of the usual CRUD database operations. In fact, it would be an append-only data structure, because nothing can ever be really deleted from the blockchain - so only CREATE and READ operations will be implemented. Object Versioning will be used to emulate updates and deletions.
Have there been previous attempts to create such a database? I have seen the MerkleWeb proposal, but I haven't really understood it, so I'm not sure if it answers my question.
2Doesn't namecoin count? It is basically a distributed key value store. – Ben Reeves – 2012-06-17T10:40:50.840
@BenReeves - Hmm, I'm not sure, for two reasons - 1. You have to keep paying to get your data stored, unlike Bitcoin (for good or bad). 2. Could you distinguish a record created five years ago and renewed yearly from a record created yesterday? If not, that's not good enough for this purpose. I believe there isn't a direct API based on Namecoin that offers this. Perhaps it would be easier to write such an API over Namecoin than over Bitcoin. – ripper234 – 2012-06-17T10:49:50.687
1@ripper: Every namecoin op is stored in the (namecoin) blockchain just like bitcoin. so you do not have to pay to get your data stored but only to keep control over a name/value pair. Looking at the chain it is possible to determine all previous ops. – kermit – 2012-06-24T14:52:38.990